| 先祖 | せんぞ | ancestor; forefather; foremother | n1 |
| 祖先 | そせん | ancestor | n1 |
| 祖父 | そふ | grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man | n5 |
| 祖母 | そぼ | grandmother | n5 |
| 祖 | そ | ancestor; forefather; progenitor; originator | |
| 祖国 | そこく | homeland; motherland; fatherland; native country | |
| 祖父母 | そふぼ | grandparents | n3 |
| 元祖 | がんそ | originator; pioneer; inventor; founder | n1 |
| 開祖 | かいそ | (sect) founder; apostle; originator; inventor | |
| 父祖 | ふそ | ancestors | |
| 始祖 | しそ | founder; originator; pioneer | |
| 高祖 | こうそ | founder of dynasty or sect | n3 |
| お祖母さん | おばあさん | grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen | n5 |
| 祖師 | そし | founder of a sect | |
| お祖父さん | おじいさん | grandfather; male senior-citizen; old man | n5 |
| 教祖 | きょうそ | founder of a religious sect | |
| 祖神 | そしん | ancestor worshipped as a deity | |
| 道祖神 | どうそじん | traveler's guardian deity (traveller) | |
| 祖述 | そじゅつ | exposition (propagation) of one's master's teachings or doctrines | |
| 外祖父 | がいそふ | maternal grandfather | |
| 遠祖 | えんそ | remote ancestor; forefather | |
| 宗祖 | しゅうそ | sect founder | |
| 皇祖 | こうそ | (divine, historical or legendary) founder of an empire | n3 |
| 義祖父 | ぎそふ | grandfather-in-law | |
| 祖宗 | そそう | ancestors | |
| 鼻祖 | びそ | founder; originator; introducer | |
| 仏祖 | ぶっそ | Founder of Buddhism | |
| 曽祖父 | そうそふ | great-grandfather; great-granddad; great-grandad | |
| 曾祖父 | そうそふ | great-grandfather; great-granddad; great-grandad | |
| 先祖代々 | せんぞだいだい | ancestral; hereditary; handed down from generation to generation; for generations | |
| 曽祖父母 | そうそふぼ | great-grandparents | |
| 祖廟 | そびょう | mausoleum containing the remains of one's ancestors | |
| 太祖 | たいそ | founder; progenitor; emperor | |
| 祖語 | そご | protolanguage; parent language | |
| 外祖母 | がいそぼ | maternal grandmother | |
| 祖業 | そぎょう | business started by an ancestor; inherited business | |
| 曽祖母 | そうそぼ | great-grandmother; great-grandma | |
| 曾祖母 | そうそぼ | great-grandmother; great-grandma | |
| 祖国復帰 | そこくふっき | returning to one's fatherland; reversion to Japan; return to Japan | |
| 共通祖先 | きょうつうそせん | common ancestor | |
| 媽祖 | まそ | Mazu (Chinese goddess of the sea) | |
| 祖型 | そけい | archetype; prototype | |
| 中興の祖 | ちゅうこうのそ | restorer of a dynasty; ancestor who rejuvenated a family | |
| 御祖師様 | おそしさま | the founder of our sect (esp. in reference to Nichiren) | |
| 高祖父 | こうそふ | great-great-grandfather | |
| 先祖返り | せんぞがえり | reversion; atavism | |
| 祖形 | そけい | protoform | |
| 祖霊 | それい | ancestor spirit; ancestral soul; spirits of one's ancestors; collective ancestral spirit | |
| 祖母さん | ばあさん | grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen | |
| 天祖 | てんそ | the ancestral Sun Goddess | |
| 皇祖考 | こうそこう | deceased grandfather of the emperor | |
| 名祖 | なおや | eponym (person after whom something is named) | |
| 高祖母 | こうそぼ | great-great-grandmother | |
| 祖先崇拝 | そせんすうはい | ancestor worship | |
| 御高祖頭巾 | おこそずきん | okoso-zukin; kerchief covering the whole head (except eyes), worn by women in winter from the Edo period until Meiji | |
| 初祖 | しょそ | the first generation of a family; school (of thought) or religious sect | |
| 同祖 | どうそ | common ancestry; sharing a common ancestor | |
| 亡祖父 | ぼうそふ | deceased grandfather; (one's) late grandfather | |
| 皇祖妣 | こうそひ | deceased grandmother of the emperor | |
| 藩祖 | はんそ | ancestor of a feudal lord; founder of a feudal domain | |
| 祖考 | そこう | deceased grandfather; deceased father and grandfather; distant ancestor; forefather | |
| 大祖父 | おおおおじ | great-grandfather | |
| 始祖鳥 | しそちょう | Archaeopteryx; extinct genus of early birds | |
| 媽祖廟 | まそびょう | Mazu temple | |
| 祖霊舎 | それいしゃ | shrine for worshiping the spirits of ancestors | |
| 父祖伝来 | ふそでんらい | hereditary; patrimonial; handed down from generation to generation | |
| 祖先伝来 | そせんでんらい | hereditary | |
| 祖先形質 | そせんけいしつ | plesiomorphy; ancestral character | |
| 祖父さん | じいさん | grandfather; male senior-citizen | |
| 御祖母さん | おばあさん | grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen | n5 |
| 御祖父さん | おじいさん | grandfather; male senior-citizen; old man | n5 |
| み祖 | みおや | ancestor (esp. one's mother or grandmother) | |
| 人祖 | じんそ | progenitor | |
| 大祖 | たいそ | founder; progenitor; emperor | |
| 御祖 | みおや | ancestor (esp. one's mother or grandmother) | |
| 真祖 | しんそ | (in fiction) person changed into a vampire by magic | |
| 祖妣 | そひ | deceased grandmother | |
| 祖法 | そほう | rules and customs handed down over the generations | |
| 先つ祖 | さきつおや | ancestor | |
| 先の祖 | さきのおや | ancestor | |
| 従祖父 | おおおじ | granduncle | |
| 祖国愛 | そこくあい | patriotism | |
| 祖師禅 | そしぜん | Zen Buddhism based on the teachings of Bodhidharma | |
| 義祖母 | ぎそぼ | grandmother-in-law | |
| お祖師様 | おそしさま | the founder of our sect (esp. in reference to Nichiren) | |
| お祖母様 | おばあさま | grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen | |
| お祖父様 | おじいさま | grandfather; old man; elderly man | |
| 先祖代代 | せんぞだいだい | ancestral; hereditary; handed down from generation to generation; for generations | |
| 先祖伝承 | せんぞでんしょう | what has been (orally) handed down from generation to generation; legend; folk tale | |
| 先祖伝来 | せんぞでんらい | inherited; family (heirloom); ancestral | |
| 先祖還り | せんぞがえり | reversion; atavism | |
| 六祖壇経 | ろくそだんきょう | Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch; Platform Sutra | |
| 印欧祖語 | いんおうそご | Proto-Indo-European (language) | |
| 卵祖細胞 | らんそさいぼう | oogonium | |
| 天津御祖 | あまつみおや | imperial ancestor | |
| 御祖母様 | おばあさま | grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen | |
| 御祖父様 | おじいさま | grandfather; old man; elderly man | |
| 日琉祖語 | にちりゅうそご | Proto-Japonic (language); Proto-Japanese; Proto-Japanese-Ryukyuan | |
| 皇祖皇宗 | こうそこうそう | ancestors of the Imperial Family | |
| 祖先の霊 | そせんのれい | ancestral spirits | |
| 祖国戦争 | そこくせんそう | Patriotic War (Russian name for the war with Napoleon in 1812) | |
| 祖師西来 | そしせいらい | the coming of Bodhidharma from western India to China | |
| 祖父祖母 | じじばば | old people; grandparents | |
| お祖師さま | おそしさま | the founder of our sect (esp. in reference to Nichiren) | |
| お祖母さま | おばあさま | grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen | |
| お祖父さま | おじいさま | grandfather; old man; elderly man | |
| お高祖頭巾 | おこそずきん | okoso-zukin; kerchief covering the whole head (except eyes), worn by women in winter from the Edo period until Meiji | |
| 付法の八祖 | ふほうのはっそ | the Eight Lineage Patriarchs who received the transmission of the teachings, leading back to the Vairocana Buddha (Vairocana Buddha, Vajrasattva, Nagarjuna, Nagabodhi, Vajrabodhi, Amoghavajra, Huigo and Kukai) (in Shingon) | |
| 伝持の八祖 | でんじのはっそ | the eight doctrinal patriarchs who expounded the teachings (Nagarjuna, Nagabodhi, Vajrabodhi, Amoghavajra, Yi Xing, Huigo and Kukai) (in Shingon) | |
| 先祖がえり | せんぞがえり | reversion; atavism | |
| 先祖の位牌 | せんぞのいはい | ancestral tablet | |
| 先祖構造体 | せんぞこうぞうたい | ancestor structure | |
| 大祖国戦争 | だいそこくせんそう | Great Patriotic War (Russian name for the war along the eastern front during World War II) | |
| 御祖師さま | おそしさま | the founder of our sect (esp. in reference to Nichiren) | |
| 御祖母さま | おばあさま | grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen | |
| 御祖父さま | おじいさま | grandfather; old man; elderly man | |
| 日ユ同祖論 | にちゆどうそろん | Japanese-Jewish common ancestry theory | |
| 日猶同祖論 | にちゆどうそろん | Japanese-Jewish common ancestry theory | |
| 祖母ちゃん | ばあちゃん | granny; grandma; gran; old lady | |
| 祖父ちゃん | じいちゃん | grandfather; male senior-citizen | |
| お祖母ちゃま | おばあちゃま | grandma; granny | |
| お祖母ちゃん | おばあちゃん | granny; grandma; gran; old lady | |
| お祖父ちゃま | おじいちゃま | grandpa; gramps | |
| お祖父ちゃん | おじいちゃん | grandpa; granddad | |
| 御祖母ちゃん | おばあちゃん | granny; grandma; gran; old lady | |
| 御祖父ちゃん | おじいちゃん | grandpa; granddad | |
| 曽お祖母さん | ひいおばあさん | great-grandmother | |
| 曽お祖父さん | ひいおじいさん | great-grandfather | |
| 曾お祖母さん | ひいおばあさん | great-grandmother | |
| 曾お祖父さん | ひいおじいさん | great-grandfather | |
| 祖先形質共有 | そせんけいしつきょうゆう | symplesiomorphy; ancestral trait shared by two or more taxa | |
| 祖母ちゃん子 | ばあちゃんこ | child who loves their grandmother; child who is doted on by their grandmother | |
| お祖母ちゃん子 | おばあちゃんこ | child who loves their grandmother; child who is doted on by their grandmother | |
| お祖父ちゃん子 | おじいちゃんこ | child who is very close to their grandfather; child who is doted on by their grandfather | |
| 祖先の霊を祭る | そせんのれいをまつる | to perform religious services for the departed souls of one's ancestors | |
| 祖母ちゃんっ子 | ばあちゃんっこ | child who loves their grandmother; child who is doted on by their grandmother | |
| お祖母ちゃんっ子 | おばあちゃんっこ | child who loves their grandmother; child who is doted on by their grandmother | |
| 最も近い共通祖先 | もっともちかいきょうつうそせん | most recent common ancestor | |
| インドヨーロッパ祖語 | インドヨーロッパそご | Proto-Indo-European (language) | |
| インド・ヨーロッパ祖語 | インドヨーロッパそご | Proto-Indo-European (language) | |